{"id":822,"date":"2022-06-09T17:13:41","date_gmt":"2022-06-09T15:13:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portal.nacr.cz\/cro\/?page_id=822"},"modified":"2023-12-01T14:39:05","modified_gmt":"2023-12-01T13:39:05","slug":"transformace-digitalnich-prostorovych-dat-pro-ucely-trvaleho-ulozeni-v-digitalnim-archivu","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/portal.nacr.cz\/cro\/transformace-digitalnich-prostorovych-dat-pro-ucely-trvaleho-ulozeni-v-digitalnim-archivu\/","title":{"rendered":"Transformace digit\u00e1ln\u00edch prostorov\u00fdch dat pro \u00fa\u010dely trval\u00e9ho ulo\u017een\u00ed v digit\u00e1ln\u00edm archivu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tacr.cz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img src=\"https:\/\/portal.nacr.cz\/cro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/image.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-823\" width=\"85\"\/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized is-style-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vumop.cz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/portal.nacr.cz\/cro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/image-1.png\" alt=\"logo - V\u00fdzkumn\u00fd \u00fastav meliorac\u00ed a ochrany p\u016fdy, v.v.i.\" class=\"wp-image-824\" width=\"188\" height=\"117\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/nacr.cz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/portal.nacr.cz\/cro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/logo_NA_CZ_CMYK.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-832\" width=\"145\" height=\"97\" srcset=\"https:\/\/portal.nacr.cz\/cro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/logo_NA_CZ_CMYK.jpg 580w, https:\/\/portal.nacr.cz\/cro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/logo_NA_CZ_CMYK-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 145px) 100vw, 145px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><img alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure id=\"up\" class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Tento projekt je financov\u00e1n se st\u00e1tn\u00ed podporou Technologick\u00e9 agentury \u010cR v&nbsp;r\u00e1mci Programu <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tacr.cz\/program\/program-eta\/\" target=\"_blank\">\u00c9ta<\/a> . V\u00fdzkum u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd pro spole\u010dnost<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption><br>Certifikovan\u00e1 metodika MV \u010cR, <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mvcr.cz\/clanek\/metodiky.aspx?q=Y2hudW09Ng%3d%3d\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Metodick\u00fd n\u00e1vod 3\/2022 (mvcr.cz, 2020-2022)<\/strong><\/a><br>Metodikou doporu\u010den\u00e9 datov\u00e9 form\u00e1ty jsou v souladu s <strong><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/archi.gov.cz\/znalostni_baze:archivni_formaty?s[]=archiv%2A\" target=\"_blank\">N\u00e1rodn\u00edm standardem form\u00e1t\u016f pro archivaci<\/a><\/strong> (platn\u00fd od 6. 6. 2023 v r\u00e1mci N\u00e1rodn\u00edho architektonick\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nu)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a href=\"https:\/\/portal.nacr.cz\/cro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/ASSS-Metodicky_navod_c_3-2022_Narodniho_archivu_-_202202041.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button\" download>PDF\/A, 7 MB<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"grid\">\n    <div class=\"grid__wrapper\">\n        <div class=\"grid__line\">\n                <div class=\"grid__item\">\n                    <a class=\"grid__box grid__box_color_yellow\" href=\"#balik_all\">\n                        <div class=\"grid__title\">Datov\u00fd bal\u00ed\u010dek a p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed k trval\u00e9mu ulo\u017een\u00ed<i class=\"grid__fas fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i><\/div>\n                    <\/a>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"grid__item\">\n                    <a class=\"grid__box grid__box_color_yellow\" href=\"katalog-formatu\">\n                        <div class=\"grid__title\">Katalog form\u00e1t\u016f<i class=\"grid__fas fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i><\/div>\n                    <\/a>\n                <\/div>\n            <div class=\"grid__item\">\n                    <a class=\"grid__box grid__box_color_yellow\" href=\"glosar\">\n                        <div class=\"grid__title\">Glos\u00e1\u0159<i class=\"grid__fas fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i><\/div>\n                    <\/a>\n                <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"grid__line\">\n            \n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"grid\">\n    <div class=\"grid__wrapper\">\n        <div class=\"grid__line\">\n                <div class=\"grid__item\">\n                    <a class=\"grid__box grid__box_color_yellow\" href=\"legislativa-a-povinnosti-puvodcu-geodat\">\n                        <div class=\"grid__title\">Legislativa a povinnosti p\u016fvodc\u016f geodat<i class=\"grid__fas fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i><\/div>\n                    <\/a>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"grid__item\">\n                    <a class=\"grid__box grid__box_color_yellow\" href=\"vzory-licencnich-dohod\">\n                        <div class=\"grid__title\">Vzory licen\u010dn\u00edch dohod<i class=\"grid__fas fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i><\/div>\n                    <\/a>\n                <\/div>\n            <div class=\"grid__item\">\n                    <a class=\"grid__box grid__box_color_yellow\" href=\"\">\n                        <div class=\"grid__title\">ArchiGIS (v p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b)<i class=\"grid__fas fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i><\/div>\n                    <\/a>\n                <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"grid__line\">\n            \n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3><a>Prostorov\u00e1 data<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pojmem prostorov\u00e1 data (nebo t\u00e9\u017e <em>geografick\u00e1 data\/informace<\/em>, <em>geoinformace<\/em>, <em>geoprostorov\u00e1 data\/informace, geodata,; angl.. spatial data\/information, geospatial data\/information, georeferenced data\/information; n\u011bm. R\u00e4umliche Daten, Geodaten, Geographischen Daten <\/em>) ch\u00e1peme <em>\u201eInformace t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se jev\u016f implicitn\u011b nebo explicitn\u011b p\u0159idru\u017een\u00fdch k m\u00edstu vzta\u017een\u00e9mu k Zemi. Zahrnuje \u00fadaje t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se vzhledu t\u011bchto jev\u016f, zejm\u00e9na jejich \u010dasoprostorov\u00e9 charakteristiky (popis polohy, geometrick\u00e9ho tvaru a topologick\u00fdch vztah\u016f), dopln\u011bn\u00e9 popisn\u00fdmi \u00fadaji s kvalitativn\u00edmi a kvantitativn\u00edmi charakteristikami. Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi typy prostorov\u011b vzta\u017een\u00fdch a reprezentovan\u00fdch jev\u016f jsou geometrick\u00e9, p\u0159\u00edp. objemov\u00e9 objekty, geografick\u00e9 objekty a oblasti a astronomick\u00e9 objekty (nebesk\u00e1 t\u011blesa). Jev m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt modelov\u00e1n (zobrazen) bodem, k\u0159ivkou, plochou nebo prostorov\u00fdm t\u011blesem. Prostorovou identifikaci objekt\u016f umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed sou\u0159adnice, tj. soubor \u010d\u00edsel ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159\u00edmou lokalizaci bodu a topologie, tj. vztah k poloze jin\u00fdch objekt\u016f.<\/em>\u201c<sup>1<\/sup> Jan Kol\u00e1\u0159 jako prostorov\u00e1 data ozna\u010duje: <em>\u201e\u2026\u00fadaje, jejich\u017e v\u00fdskyt \u010di platnost je mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159i\u0159adit ur\u010dit\u00e9mu m\u00edstu v&nbsp;prostoru. Pro prostorov\u00e9 informace n\u00e1sledn\u011b z\u00edskan\u00e9 z&nbsp;t\u011bchto dat obdobn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee jsou polohov\u011b v\u00e1z\u00e1na neboli lokalizov\u00e1na k&nbsp;ur\u010dit\u00e9mu m\u00edstu. Je-li pak toto m\u00edsto speci\u00e1ln\u011b na zemsk\u00e9m povrchu nebo v&nbsp;jeho bl\u00edzkosti, naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed se p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e1 prostorov\u00e1 data geografick\u00e1 data a informace z&nbsp;nich z\u00edskan\u00e9 geografick\u00e9 informace.<\/em>\u201c<sup>2<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Prostorov\u00e1 data jsou vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny k&nbsp;pozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed minulosti, sou\u010dasnosti a modelov\u00e1n\u00ed budoucnosti. Zpravidla jsou ur\u010dena geometrick\u00fdm objektem a prostorov\u00fdmi vztahy s okol\u00edm (topologi\u00ed), d\u00e1le jsou zalo\u017eena na ortofotografi\u00edch, satelitn\u00edch sn\u00edmc\u00edch, sn\u00edmc\u00edch z&nbsp;dron\u016f, na datab\u00e1z\u00edch obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch informace o zem\u011bpisn\u00e9 d\u00e9lce a \u0161\u00ed\u0159ce nebo tak\u00e9 adresn\u00edch bodech. Geografick\u00e9 informa\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my n\u00e1m pak umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed takov\u00e1to data zpracov\u00e1vat a z\u00edsk\u00e1vat z&nbsp;nich geografick\u00e9 informace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nej\u010dast\u011bji se prostorov\u00e1 data d\u011bl\u00ed na vektorov\u00e9 a rastrov\u00e9 datov\u00e9 modely. Pro pr\u00e1ci s&nbsp;prostorov\u00fdmi daty je vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na \u0161irok\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la geografick\u00fdch informa\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed jejich tvorbu, lokalizaci, \u00fapravy, vyhodnocov\u00e1n\u00ed a prezentaci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><a>Geografick\u00fd informa\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m\/GIS<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Geografick\u00fd informa\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m<sup>3<\/sup> (d\u00e1le jen \u201eGIS\u201c; angl. <em>geographic information system<\/em>, n\u011bm. <em>Geographisch Informationssystem<\/em>,<em> R\u00e4umlich Informationssystem<\/em>) je po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fd informa\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje ukl\u00e1dat, spravovat a analyzovat geografick\u00e1 data a informace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Prvn\u00ed geografick\u00fd informa\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m vyvinul v&nbsp;roce 1963 geograf Roger Tomlinson pro kanadskou vl\u00e1du za \u00fa\u010delem dohledu a spr\u00e1vy nad p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi zdroji. K&nbsp;ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve digitalizovan\u00fdm map\u00e1m se mu poda\u0159ilo p\u0159ipojit po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fd syst\u00e9m, d\u00edky kter\u00e9mu \u0161lo z\u00edsk\u00e1vat a analyzovat lokalizovan\u00e1 data. Tak byl de facto vytvo\u0159en koncept GIS, kter\u00fd je zalo\u017een na propojen\u00ed geografick\u00fdch entit a jejich vlastnost\u00ed, tzv. atribut\u016f (popisn\u00fdch dat).<sup>4<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u016fvodn\u011b tyto syst\u00e9my slou\u017eily kartograf\u016fm k&nbsp;vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed map, ale s&nbsp;postupuj\u00edc\u00ed digitalizac\u00ed se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily do mnoha sektor\u016f a jsou vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny k anal\u00fdz\u00e1m a pr\u00e1ci s&nbsp;daty. Dnes je nal\u00e9z\u00e1me v&nbsp;centr\u00e1ln\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1v\u011b, v&nbsp;samospr\u00e1v\u011b, na univerzit\u00e1ch, ve v\u011bdecko-v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch \u00fastavech a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b v&nbsp;soukrom\u00e9m sektoru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Geodata a mo\u017enosti jejich trval\u00e9ho ulo\u017een\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Celosv\u011btov\u011b byla ji\u017e od po\u010d\u00e1tku patrn\u00e1 snaha postihnout mo\u017enosti uchov\u00e1n\u00ed prostorov\u00fdch dat pro p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed generace<sup>5<\/sup> a z\u00e1rove\u0148 byla identifikov\u00e1na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u00faskal\u00ed, kter\u00e1 plynou z&nbsp;jejich charakteristik:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>jedn\u00e1 se o komplexn\u00ed a specifick\u00fd typ digit\u00e1ln\u00edch dat<\/li><li>pou\u017eit\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00fdch a rozmanit\u00fdch datov\u00fdch form\u00e1t\u016f, z&nbsp;nich\u017e v\u011bt\u0161ina je&nbsp;propriet\u00e1rn\u00edch a tedy i nevhodn\u00fdch pro trval\u00e9 ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li><li>dynami\u010dnost a pom\u00edjivost dat<\/li><li>standardy pro geoprostorov\u00e1 metadata byly definov\u00e1ny jak na n\u00e1rodn\u00ed, tak na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni, p\u0159esto se metadata \u010dasto od dat odd\u011bluj\u00ed, nebo jsou nespr\u00e1vn\u00e1 nebo nestandardn\u00ed povahy<\/li><li>p\u0159i uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed prostorov\u00fdch dat je t\u0159eba zahrnout sou\u0159adnicov\u00e9 referen\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my, kartografick\u00e9 reprezentace, topologii, soubory projektu a strukturu dat<\/li><li>pokr\u00fdvaj\u00ed \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu datov\u00fdch struktur (vektorov\u00e9 a rastrov\u00e9 datov\u00e9 modely; nestrukturovan\u00e9 a topologick\u00e9; dom\u00e9ny diskr\u00e9tn\u00ed i spojit\u00e9; form\u00e1ty podporuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 podmno\u017einy a aspekty datov\u00e9 struktury). Nelze tedy hovo\u0159it o \u201eprostorov\u00fdch datech\u201c jako o jednom druhu informac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 lze v\u0161echny zvl\u00e1dnout stejn\u00fdmi aplikacemi a form\u00e1ty.<\/li><li>prostorov\u00e1 data je mo\u017en\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1vat na r\u016fzn\u00fdch prostorov\u00fdch \u00farovn\u00edch, data lze agregovat a \u010dlenit, p\u0159itom ka\u017ed\u00e1 z&nbsp;\u00farovn\u00ed m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed. V\u00fdb\u011br \u00farovn\u011b prostorov\u00fdch dat m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jedn\u00edm z&nbsp;krok\u016f v&nbsp;procesu uchov\u00e1n\u00ed dat<\/li><li>jejich objem neust\u00e1le roste<\/li><li>masivn\u011b se vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se od 90. let 20. st., cenn\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt informace i z&nbsp;letit\u00fdch GIS syst\u00e9m\u016f<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Aby mohla b\u00fdt takov\u00e1 data p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1na k&nbsp;trval\u00e9mu ulo\u017een\u00ed s&nbsp;perspektivou jejich budouc\u00ed dostupnosti a vyu\u017eitelnosti, je vhodn\u00e9, aby byl v&nbsp;maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e zachov\u00e1n jejich technick\u00fd a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed kontext, aby byla logicky strukturov\u00e1na, dostate\u010dn\u011b pops\u00e1na p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdmi metadaty a dopln\u011bna nezbytnou dokumentac\u00ed. Ulo\u017een\u00ed objekt\u016f ve standardizovan\u00e9 adres\u00e1\u0159ov\u00e9 struktu\u0159e umo\u017e\u0148uje krom\u011b jin\u00e9ho i datovou a struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed validaci dat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Data by d\u00e1le m\u011bla b\u00fdt p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1na v datov\u00fdch form\u00e1tech vhodn\u00fdch pro trval\u00e9 uchov\u00e1n\u00ed. Takov\u00fdmi form\u00e1ty jsou form\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 jsou dob\u0159e zdokumentov\u00e1ny, jejich zdrojov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy jsou voln\u011b dostupn\u00e9 nebo form\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 jsou lidsky \u010diteln\u00e9, p\u0159\u00edp. jsou u nich zn\u00e1m\u00e9 a snadno dostupn\u00e9 migra\u010dn\u00ed strategie s&nbsp;co nejmen\u0161\u00edm rizikem datov\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Z&nbsp;podstaty prostorov\u00fdch dat a GIS d\u00e1le plyne, \u017ee \u010dasto nelze jejich v\u00fdb\u011br prov\u00e1d\u011bt plo\u0161n\u011b automatizovan\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem a je t\u0159eba vyhodnocovat vhodnou strategii trval\u00e9ho uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad od p\u0159\u00edpadu. Tam, kde je to mo\u017en\u00e9, je \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed za\u010dlenit postupy v\u00fdb\u011bru a p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed archiv\u00e1li\u00ed do \u017eivotn\u00edho cyklu dat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><a href=\"#up\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#up\">nahoru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>1 <\/sup>Citov\u00e1no z <a href=\"https:\/\/aleph.nkp.cz\/F\/?func=direct&amp;doc_number=000000397&amp;local_base=KTD\">https:\/\/aleph.nkp.cz\/F\/?func=direct&amp;doc_number=000000397&amp;local_base=KTD<\/a>, zdroj \u010cSN EN ISO 19101-1.&nbsp;Geografick\u00e1 informace &#8211; Referen\u010dn\u00ed model. \u010c\u00e1st 1: z\u00e1klady. Praha: \u00da\u0159ad pro technickou normalizaci, metrologii a st\u00e1tn\u00ed zku\u0161ebnictv\u00ed, leden 2018, str. 48.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>2 <\/sup>KOL\u00c1\u0158, Jan: Geografick\u00e9 informa\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my 10, Praha, \u010cVUT, 2003, str. 10-11; d\u00e1le nap\u0159. \u0160TYCH, P\u0159emysl a kol.: Vybran\u00e9 funkce geoinforma\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f, CITT Praha, Akademie kosmick\u00fdch technologi\u00ed, Oblast Galileo, GMES, z&nbsp;podpory ESF, MPSV, Praha 2008, str. 10-12.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>3<\/sup> <a href=\"https:\/\/aleph.nkp.cz\/F\/BIKN68EGRYMF15RBDVKIBQ5N6QGCA6JNKA1DMDHTVTMLJ13H9G-37562?func=find-b&amp;find_code=WTD&amp;x=0&amp;y=0&amp;request=gis&amp;adjacent=N\">https:\/\/aleph.nkp.cz\/F\/BIKN68EGRYMF15RBDVKIBQ5N6QGCA6JNKA1DMDHTVTMLJ13H9G-37562?func=find-b&amp;find_code=WTD&amp;x=0&amp;y=0&amp;request=gis&amp;adjacent=N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>4 <\/sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/technology\/GIS\">https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/technology\/GIS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>5<\/sup> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dpconline.org\/docs\/technology-watch-reports\/2265-twr-09-01-gis-mcgarva\/file\">https:\/\/www.dpconline.org\/docs\/technology-watch-reports\/2265-twr-09-01-gis-mcgarva\/file<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<!--nextpage-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-left\" id=\"balik_all\">Datov\u00fd bal\u00ed\u010dek a p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed k trval\u00e9mu ulo\u017een\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"grid\">\n    <div class=\"grid__wrapper\">\n        <div class=\"grid__line\">\n                <div class=\"grid__item\">\n                    <a class=\"grid__box grid__box_color_\" href=\"\">\n                        <div class=\"grid__title\">ArchiGIS (v p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b)<i class=\"grid__fas fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i><\/div>\n                    <\/a>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"grid__item\">\n                    <a class=\"grid__box grid__box_color_\" href=\"https:\/\/dilcis.eu\/content-types\/cs-geospatial-data\">\n                        <div class=\"grid__title\">EARK Geospatial<i class=\"grid__fas fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i><\/div>\n                    <\/a>\n                <\/div>\n            <div class=\"grid__item\">\n                    <a class=\"grid__box grid__box_color_\" href=\"#predani\">\n                        <div class=\"grid__title\">P\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed dat digit\u00e1ln\u00edmu archivu<i class=\"grid__fas fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i><\/div>\n                    <\/a>\n                <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"grid__line\">\n            \n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><a href=\"#up\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#up\">nahoru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"balicek\">Datov\u00fd bal\u00ed\u010dek GeoSIP<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/portal.nacr.cz\/cro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/image-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-868\" width=\"294\" height=\"233\" srcset=\"https:\/\/portal.nacr.cz\/cro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/image-3.png 855w, https:\/\/portal.nacr.cz\/cro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/image-3-300x238.png 300w, https:\/\/portal.nacr.cz\/cro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/image-3-768x608.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 294px) 100vw, 294px\" \/><figcaption><em>Datov\u00fd bal\u00ed\u010dek GeoSIP<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"782\" src=\"https:\/\/portal.nacr.cz\/cro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/image-4-1024x782.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-869\" srcset=\"https:\/\/portal.nacr.cz\/cro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/image-4-1024x782.png 1024w, https:\/\/portal.nacr.cz\/cro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/image-4-300x229.png 300w, https:\/\/portal.nacr.cz\/cro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/image-4-768x587.png 768w, https:\/\/portal.nacr.cz\/cro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/image-4.png 1101w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption><em>Datov\u00e1 struktura EARK_Geospatial<\/em> <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/DILCISBoard\/CITS-Geospatial.git\" target=\"_blank\">Podle specifikace CITS-Geospatial<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Datasety se ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed v&nbsp;r\u00e1mci jednoho bal\u00ed\u010dku SIP v\u017edy do adres\u00e1\u0159e \/nazev_datasetu do podadres\u00e1\u0159e \/representations ve struktu\u0159e popsan\u00e9 detailn\u011b v&nbsp;r\u00e1mci kapitoly 4 metodiky a vzorov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f. Adres\u00e1\u0159ov\u00e1 struktura je strojov\u011b kontrolov\u00e1na v\u016f\u010di souboru mets.xml a zpravidla obsahuje n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed datov\u00e9 objekty v&nbsp;r\u016fzn\u00fdch form\u00e1tech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"charak\"><strong>Rastrov\u00fd model dat<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Rastrov\u00e1 data zachycuj\u00ed hodnoty sledovan\u00fdch jev\u016f v&nbsp;konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch lokalit\u00e1ch. Na rozd\u00edl od vektorov\u00fdch model\u016f, objekty jako takov\u00e9 neexistuj\u00ed, je pouze zaznamen\u00e1n atribut v&nbsp;konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed poloze. Tyto informace jsou ukl\u00e1d\u00e1ny do pol\u00ed m\u0159\u00ed\u017eky (tzv. pixely), kter\u00e9 jako celek tvo\u0159\u00ed obraz. Rastrov\u00e9 modely se vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pro zobrazen\u00ed veli\u010din jako nap\u0159. sr\u00e1\u017eky, teplota, vegetace, typy p\u016fd atd. ve sledovan\u00e9m prostoru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro rastrov\u00e9 modely je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 volba vhodn\u00e9ho form\u00e1tu, kter\u00fd v&nbsp;dostate\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e dochov\u00e1 kvalitu barevn\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1ly. Z&nbsp;v\u00fdstupn\u00edch form\u00e1t\u016f dle Z\u00e1kona lze vyu\u017e\u00edt, kter\u00fdkoliv z&nbsp;form\u00e1t\u016f zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00fdch v \u00a7 23 \u010dl. odst. 3 vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky \u010d. 259\/2012 v&nbsp;aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm zn\u011bn\u00ed a doplnit ho pot\u0159ebn\u00fdmi informacemi o sou\u0159adnic\u00edch pokud nejsou p\u0159\u00edmo jeho sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed. V\u011bt\u0161ina rastrov\u00fdch form\u00e1t\u016f je dob\u0159e dokumentovan\u00e1, softwarov\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje jsou dostupn\u00e9, proto v\u011bt\u0161ina probl\u00e9m\u016f vznik\u00e1 p\u0159i ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed propriet\u00e1rn\u00edch form\u00e1t\u016f a vlastnost\u00ed obr\u00e1zk\u016f.<sup> 1<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Pokud byl pro&nbsp;tvorbu rastrov\u00e9ho modelu pou\u017eit jak\u00fdkoliv mapov\u00fd podklad, je naprosto z\u00e1sadn\u00ed, aby i tento podklad byl dal\u0161\u00edm objektem trval\u00e9ho ulo\u017een\u00ed a sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed p\u0159ed\u00e1van\u00e9ho datasetu.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><strong>Vektorov\u00fd model dat<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Vektorov\u00e9 objekty jsou sestavou geometrick\u00fdch element\u016f reprezentuj\u00edc\u00ed objekty re\u00e1ln\u00e9ho sv\u011bta jako prvky, kter\u00e9 jsou reprezentov\u00e1ny body, liniemi a polygony.<sup> 2 <\/sup>Tyto objekty vypl\u0148uj\u00ed prostor, zat\u00edmco okoln\u00ed prostor nen\u00ed definov\u00e1n. Vlastnosti t\u011bchto geometrick\u00fdch prvk\u016f, tzv. atributy, jsou s&nbsp;prvky prov\u00e1z\u00e1ny v&nbsp;podob\u011b popisn\u00fdch dat. Vektorov\u00fd datov\u00fd model se v&nbsp;syst\u00e9mech GIS d\u00e1le d\u011bl\u00ed na 1. \u0160pagetov\u00fd model, 2. Hierarchick\u00fd model a 3. Topologick\u00fd model.<sup>3<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;A\u010dkoliv se jedn\u00e1 nej\u010dast\u011bji o tabulku nebo o sestavy tabulek s&nbsp;daty a datov\u00fdmi typy, kter\u00e9 popisuj\u00ed prostorov\u00e9 objekty, nen\u00ed ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f mo\u017en\u00fd snadn\u00fd export takov\u00e9 tabulky nap\u0159. do souboru CSV. To je d\u00e1no p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed informac\u00ed o poloze objekt\u016f (polohov\u00fdch dat).&nbsp; Pro export ze syst\u00e9m\u016f GIS je proto nutn\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edt vhodn\u00e9 form\u00e1ty, zejm\u00e9na GML, OGC GeoPackage aj., aby nedo\u0161lo k&nbsp;datov\u00e9 ztr\u00e1t\u011b, a tak k&nbsp;nevratn\u00e9mu po\u0161kozen\u00ed prostorov\u00fdch dat.<sup> 3<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Pokud byl pro&nbsp;tvorbu vektorov\u00e9ho modelu pou\u017eit jak\u00fdkoliv mapov\u00fd podklad, je naprosto z\u00e1sadn\u00ed, aby i tento podklad byl dal\u0161\u00edm objektem trval\u00e9ho ulo\u017een\u00ed a sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed p\u0159ed\u00e1van\u00e9ho datasetu.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><a><strong>Prostorov\u00e1 metadata\/geometadata<\/strong><\/a><sup> 4<\/sup><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Prostorov\u00e1 data jsou v&nbsp;bal\u00ed\u010dku dokumentov\u00e1na ve form\u011b prostorov\u00fdch metadat, kter\u00e1 obsahuj\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 popisy dat a tak\u00e9 popisy specifick\u00e9 pro prostorov\u00e1 data (p\u0159esnost, po\u010det \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f, m\u011b\u0159\u00edtko, m\u011brn\u00e9 jednotky, informace o sou\u0159adnicov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu atd.). Jedn\u00e1 se o metadata, kter\u00e1 vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed p\u016fvodce k&nbsp;bli\u017e\u0161\u00edmu popisu vytvo\u0159en\u00e9ho datasetu. V&nbsp;p\u016fvodn\u00edch syst\u00e9mech lze geoprostorov\u00e1 metadata ukl\u00e1dat r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby (datab\u00e1ze, standardizovan\u00e9 soubory .xml, b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 dokumentace atd.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Metadata jsou obsa\u017eena bu\u010f na \u00farovni cel\u00e9ho bal\u00ed\u010dku, nebo pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed reprezentaci, podle pot\u0159eby p\u016fvodce dat. Do datov\u00e9ho bal\u00ed\u010dku GeoSIP by m\u011bla b\u00fdt p\u0159id\u00e1na ve strojov\u011b \u010diteln\u00e9m form\u00e1tu (nap\u0159. .xml) do adres\u00e1\u0159e \/Metadata\/Descriptive pro cel\u00fd bal\u00ed\u010dek nebo adres\u00e1\u0159i Representation\/Rep\u2026\/Data\/Metadata\/Descriptive pokud jsou spefick\u00e1 pro jednotlivou reprezentaci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dataset p\u0159edan\u00fd k&nbsp;trval\u00e9mu ulo\u017een\u00ed bude d\u00e1le detailn\u011bji pops\u00e1n vyt\u011b\u017een\u00edm p\u0159ilo\u017een\u00fdch metadat jak je nazna\u010deno na obr\u00e1zku 3, a to dle vypracovan\u00e9ho mapov\u00e1n\u00ed prostorov\u00fdch metadat do archivn\u00edho standardu Encoded Archival Description<sup> 5<\/sup> v p\u0159\u00edloze \u010d. 6 metodiky, aby archivn\u00ed popis byl v&nbsp;souladu s Metodick\u00fdm pokynem \u010d. 2\/2020 pro evidenci a zp\u0159\u00edstup\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed map v archivech \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky.<sup>6<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sou\u0159adnicov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f existuje v&nbsp;geoinformatice velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd z&nbsp;nich se r\u016fznou m\u011brou hod\u00ed pro pr\u00e1ci v&nbsp;r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159\u00edtk\u00e1ch a na r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00edch v&nbsp;z\u00e1vislosti na tom, jak\u00e9 referen\u010dn\u00ed t\u011bleso a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b kartografick\u00e9 zobrazen\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1. Pro \u010ceskou republiku jsou z\u00e1vazn\u00e9 n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed syst\u00e9my: S-JTSK,<sup>7<\/sup> d\u00e1le syst\u00e9m ETRS<sup>8<\/sup> pro \u00fazem\u00ed \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f Evropsk\u00e9 Unie, d\u00e1le se lze setkat se sou\u0159adnicov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem WGS<sup>9<\/sup>, kter\u00fd zahrnuje cel\u00fd sv\u011bt a tak\u00e9 se syst\u00e9mem S-1942.<sup>10<\/sup> Krom\u011b t\u011bchto z\u00e1vazn\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f existuje i velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/geoportal.cuzk.cz\/(S(gcktcmwdvexj4bomil3luntm))\/Default.aspx?mode=TextMeta&amp;side=sit.trans&amp;text=souradsystemy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">jin\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f<\/a>,<sup>11 <\/sup>&nbsp;kter\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje pro pr\u00e1ci s&nbsp;prostorov\u00fdmi daty um\u00ed vz\u00e1jemn\u011b migrovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u011bkter\u00e9 form\u00e1ty geoprostorov\u00fdch dat (rastrov\u00e9 i vektorov\u00e9) p\u0159\u00edmo obsahuj\u00ed informace o sou\u0159adnicov\u00e9m referen\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu, ze kter\u00e9ho datov\u00e1 sada vych\u00e1z\u00ed, bu\u010f vlo\u017een\u00fd jako sou\u010d\u00e1st samotn\u00e9ho souboru (nap\u0159. GeoTIFF) nebo jako dal\u0161\u00ed, samostatn\u00fd soubor (nap\u0159. \u201e.prj\u201c jako sou\u010d\u00e1st ESRI Shapefile). Rizikov\u00e9 jsou varianty, kdy form\u00e1t sou\u0159adnicov\u00e9 informace neobsahuje (nap\u0159.TIFF image file) a jsou obsa\u017eeny v&nbsp;samostatn\u00e9m souboru (nap\u0159. TIFF World File \u2013 TFW). Proto je vhodn\u00e9, aby tyto informace byly zahrnuty v&nbsp;metadatech datov\u00e9 sady. Dle specifikace jsou ulo\u017eena v&nbsp;podadres\u00e1\u0159i \/<a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/DILCISBoard\/CITS-Geospatial.git\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">documentation\/CRS<\/a>.<sup>12<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nepovinn\u00fd podadres\u00e1\u0159 \/Other je vyhrazen pro jakoukoli jinou, nestandardizovanou, strojov\u011b nebo lidsky \u010ditelnou dokumentaci obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed kontextov\u00e9 informace, jako jsou soubory projekt_zprava.pdf, projekt_rozhovor.mp3. Tento adres\u00e1\u0159 je doporu\u010den\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><a><strong>Sou\u0159adnicov\u00e9 referen\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my<\/strong><\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Jedn\u00e1 se o matematick\u00e1 pravidla, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed ke ka\u017ed\u00e9 hodnot\u011b sou\u0159adnic p\u0159i\u0159adit polohu objektu a naopak \u2013 sou\u0159adnicov\u00fd syst\u00e9m (coordinate reference syst\u00e9m \u2013 CRS). Znalost sou\u0159adnicov\u00e9ho referen\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 pro p\u0159esn\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed geoprostorov\u00fdch dat. \u0158\u00edd\u00ed se normou \u010cSN 19111 (979830) Geografick\u00e1 informace \u2013 Vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed prostorov\u00fdch referenc\u00ed sou\u0159adnicemi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><strong>GIS (data Geografick\u00e9ho informa\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Podadres\u00e1\u0159 GIS n\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed do adres\u00e1\u0159e s&nbsp;datov\u00fdmi reprezentacemi a p\u016fvodce\/archiv\u00e1\u0159 ho vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b archivace kompletn\u00edho nebo i n\u011bkolika \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed syst\u00e9mu GIS. V&nbsp;takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je zcela kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 podrobn\u00e1 dokumentace, kter\u00e1 se ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 do vlastn\u00edho podadres\u00e1\u0159e \/documentation. Podadres\u00e1\u0159 dokumentace obsahuje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm seznam dataset\u016f spravovan\u00fdch v GIS, zjednodu\u0161enou vizualizaci p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b v\u00edce vizualizac\u00ed dat, kter\u00e9 datov\u00fd bal\u00ed\u010dek obsahuje, a vzorky v\u00fdstup\u016f, kter\u00e9 bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 ze syst\u00e9mu GIS z\u00edskat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podadres\u00e1\u0159 \/metadata by m\u011bl obsahovat datov\u00fd model, informace o relac\u00edch objekt\u016f, popisy vrstev, vlastnosti vrstev, sou\u0159adnicov\u00e9 transformace, popisky prostorov\u00fdch objekt\u016f, dotazy (queries), kter\u00fdmi jsou objekty propojeny s&nbsp;tabulkov\u00fdmi daty a popis tvorby v\u00fdstup\u016f, kter\u00e9 bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 ze syst\u00e9mu GIS z\u00edskat. D\u00e1le do tohoto podadres\u00e1\u0159e n\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 metadata pro obnoven\u00ed funk\u010dnosti syst\u00e9mu GIS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podadres\u00e1\u0159 \/data je doporu\u010deno hloub\u011bji strukturovat, aby byla zachov\u00e1na logick\u00e1 struktura dat archivovan\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. Vhodn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem je nap\u0159. struktura v&nbsp;r\u00e1mci adres\u00e1\u0159e s&nbsp;reprezentac\u00ed prostorov\u00fdch dat, kter\u00e1 je strukturov\u00e1na dle typ\u016f dat a podadres\u00e1\u0159e jsou nazv\u00e1ny dle mimetype objekt\u016f v&nbsp;nich ulo\u017een\u00fdch. Sch\u00e9ma pro data obsahuje obr\u00e1zek 6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><strong>Datab\u00e1ze a tabulkov\u00e1 data<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Jako datab\u00e1zi ozna\u010dujeme strukturovanou, ale i nestrukturovanou sestavu dat v&nbsp;po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 podob\u011b, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ulo\u017eena v&nbsp;jedin\u00e9m nebo v\u00edce po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u00edch, ale dostupn\u00e1 r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby.<sup>13<\/sup> V&nbsp;oblasti prostorov\u00fdch dat se prakticky v\u00fdhradn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed datab\u00e1ze pro strukturovan\u00e1 data a jsou de facto analytick\u00fdm j\u00e1drem syst\u00e9m\u016f GIS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro pr\u00e1ci s&nbsp;prostorov\u00fdmi daty lze vyu\u017e\u00edt \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu datab\u00e1zov\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00ed, z&nbsp;nich\u017e mnoh\u00e1 jsou dostupn\u00e1 jako open source software a pro specifickou pr\u00e1ci s&nbsp;prostorov\u00fdmi daty je sta\u010d\u00ed doplnit vhodn\u00fdm roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm (plug-in). V&nbsp;\u010cesk\u00e9 republice je hojn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1no prost\u0159ed\u00ed PostgreSQL+PostGIS, Oracle-Spatial, ale v&nbsp;podstat\u011b v\u0161echny b\u011b\u017en\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 rela\u010dn\u00ed datab\u00e1ze lze vybavit roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm a vyu\u017e\u00edt je pro pr\u00e1ci s&nbsp;prostorov\u00fdmi daty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b mal\u00fdch jednoduch\u00fdch dataset\u016f lze p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee nebude t\u0159eba ulo\u017een\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu dat a bude zcela dostate\u010dn\u00e9 exportovat datov\u00e9 sestavy v&nbsp;podob\u011b soubor\u016f CSV, tedy postup, kter\u00fd se b\u011b\u017en\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro datov\u00e9 migrace. Tabulkov\u00e9 sestavy je v\u0161ak nutn\u00e9 \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b validovat a ov\u011b\u0159it, zda bylo vyu\u017eito k\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed v&nbsp;\u0161iroce vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9m standardu UTF-8. Na datov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edjmu bude datov\u00e1 validita tabulkov\u00fdch dat v\u017edy kontrolov\u00e1na. Vzhledem k&nbsp;o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 datov\u00e9 obnov\u011b a interoperabilit\u011b v&nbsp;dlouhodob\u00e9m horizontu, je datov\u00e1 validita zcela kardin\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u017eadavek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>1<\/sup><sub> <\/sub>Upozor\u0148ujeme je na mo\u017enou ztr\u00e1tovost form\u00e1tu JPEG, srv. P\u0159\u00edloha \u010d. 10 metodiky (Katalog form\u00e1t\u016f) <a href=\"#_JPEG__(Joint\">JPEG&nbsp; (Joint Photographic Experts Group Interchange Format)<\/a> a <a href=\"#_JPEG_2000_\">JPEG 2000&nbsp; (Joint Photographic Experts Group 2000)<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/knihovnarevue.nkp.cz\/archiv\/2020-2\/recenzovane-prispevky\/posuzovani-souborovych-formatu-z-hlediska-dlouhodobeho-uchovavani-a-navrh-metodiky-pro-narodni-knihovnu-ceske-republiky\">https:\/\/knihovnarevue.nkp.cz\/archiv\/2020-2\/recenzovane-prispevky\/posuzovani-souborovych-formatu-z-hlediska-dlouhodobeho-uchovavani-a-navrh-metodiky-pro-narodni-knihovnu-ceske-republiky<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>2 <\/sup>Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny jsou tak\u00e9 ekvivalentn\u00ed term\u00edny: te\u010dka, \u00fase\u010dka a plocha<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>3 <\/sup>\u0160TYCH, P\u0159emysl a kol.: Vybran\u00e9 funkce geoinforma\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f, CITT Praha, Akademie kosmick\u00fdch technologi\u00ed, Oblast Galileo, GMES, z&nbsp;podpory ESF, MPSV, Praha 2008, str. 10-12.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>4 <\/sup>Specification for digital geospatial data records archiving, <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/DILCISBoard\/E-ARK-Geodata\/blob\/master\/Specification\/CSGeo_v2.0.0.pdf\">verze<\/a> 3.0.0 z&nbsp;31. 8. 2021, dostupn\u00e9 z <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/DILCISBoard\/CITS-Geospatial.git\">https:\/\/github.com\/DILCISBoard\/CITS-Geospatial.git<\/a>; &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>5<\/sup> Legislativa EU &#8211; N\u00e1rodn\u00ed geoport\u00e1l INSPIRE (gov.cz)&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/geoportal.gov.cz\/web\/guest\/legislativa-eu\">https:\/\/geoportal.gov.cz\/web\/guest\/legislativa-eu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>6 <\/sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mvcr.cz\/soubor\/metodicky-pokyn-c-2-2020-pro-evidenci-a-zpristupnovani-map-v-archivech-ceske-republiky.aspx\">https:\/\/www.mvcr.cz\/soubor\/metodicky-pokyn-c-2-2020-pro-evidenci-a-zpristupnovani-map-v-archivech-ceske-republiky.aspx<\/a><sup><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>7 <\/sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mvcr.cz\/soubor\/metodicky-pokyn-c-2-2020-pro-evidenci-a-zpristupnovani-map-v-archivech-ceske-republiky.aspx\">https:\/\/www.mvcr.cz\/soubor\/metodicky-pokyn-c-2-2020-pro-evidenci-a-zpristupnovani-map-v-archivech-ceske-republiky.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>8 <\/sup>S-JTSK je z\u00e1vazn\u00fdm geodetick\u00fdm referen\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cR dle na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vl\u00e1dy \u010d. 430\/2006 Sb. v platn\u00e9m zn\u011bn\u00ed.<sup><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>9 <\/sup>ETRS je z\u00e1vazn\u00fdm geodetick\u00fdm referen\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cR dle na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vl\u00e1dy \u010d. 430\/2006 Sb. v platn\u00e9m zn\u011bn\u00ed, a d\u00e1le z\u00e1vazn\u00fdm sou\u0159adnicov\u00fdm referen\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem na \u00fazem\u00ed EU dle sm\u011brnice INSPIRE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>10 <\/sup>WGS84 je z\u00e1vazn\u00fdm geodetick\u00fdm referen\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cR dle na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vl\u00e1dy \u010d. 430\/2006 Sb. v platn\u00e9m zn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>11<\/sup> S-42\/83 je z\u00e1vazn\u00fdm geodetick\u00fdm referen\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cR dle na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vl\u00e1dy \u010d. 430\/2006 Sb. v platn\u00e9m zn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>12 <\/sup><a href=\"https:\/\/geoportal.cuzk.cz\/(S(gcktcmwdvexj4bomil3luntm))\/Default.aspx?mode=TextMeta&amp;side=sit.trans&amp;text=souradsystemy\">https:\/\/geoportal.cuzk.cz\/(S(gcktcmwdvexj4bomil3luntm))\/Default.aspx?mode=TextMeta&amp;side=sit.trans&amp;text=souradsystemy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>13 <\/sup>Srv. pozn\u00e1mka. 27 a Specification for digital geospatial data records archiving, <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/DILCISBoard\/E-ARK-Geodata\/blob\/master\/Specification\/CSGeo_v2.0.0.pdf\">verze<\/a> 3.0.0 z&nbsp;31. 8. 2021, dostupn\u00e9 z <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/DILCISBoard\/CITS-Geospatial\/blob\/master\/specification\/CITS_Geospatial_v3.pdf\">CITS-Geospatial\/CITS_Geospatial_v3.pdf at master \u00b7 DILCISBoard\/CITS-Geospatial \u00b7 GitHub<\/a>, str. 26<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons alignright\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\"><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>14<\/sup> SIARD, mo\u017enost archivace rela\u010dn\u00edch datab\u00e1z\u00ed, Rechtorik, M. in Archivn\u00ed \u010dasopis 2\/2020, str. 128-154<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><a href=\"#up\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#up\">nahoru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--nextpage-->\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-left\" id=\"predani\">P\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed prostorov\u00fdch dat digit\u00e1n\u00edmu archivu <\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"grid\">\n    <div class=\"grid__wrapper\">\n        <div class=\"grid__line\">\n                <div class=\"grid__item\">\n                    <a class=\"grid__box grid__box_color_\" href=\"\">\n                        <div class=\"grid__title\">ArchiGIS (v p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b)<i class=\"grid__fas fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i><\/div>\n                    <\/a>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"grid__item\">\n                    <a class=\"grid__box grid__box_color_\" href=\"https:\/\/dilcis.eu\/content-types\/cs-geospatial-data\">\n                        <div class=\"grid__title\">EARK Geospatial<i class=\"grid__fas fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i><\/div>\n                    <\/a>\n                <\/div>\n            <div class=\"grid__item\">\n                    <a class=\"grid__box grid__box_color_\" href=\"#balicek\">\n                        <div class=\"grid__title\">Datov\u00fd bal\u00ed\u010dek GeoSIP<i class=\"grid__fas fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i><\/div>\n                    <\/a>\n                <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"grid__line\">\n            \n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>P\u016fvodce (tv\u016frce, vlastn\u00edk) dat nejprve oslov\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd archiv, kter\u00e9mu <strong>nab\u00eddne data<\/strong> k&nbsp;v\u00fdb\u011bru archiv\u00e1li\u00ed s&nbsp;jejich popisem. Popis nab\u00edzen\u00e9ho datasetu mus\u00ed v\u017edy obsahovat: N\u00e1zev, stru\u010dn\u00fd popis obsahu, \u010dasov\u00fd rozsah, druh syst\u00e9mu, z&nbsp;kter\u00e9ho byl\/bude export proveden, form\u00e1t\/y soubor\u016f v datasetu. Archiv na z\u00e1klad\u011b popisu a dal\u0161\u00ed komunikace s p\u016fvodcem ur\u010d\u00ed data k&nbsp;ulo\u017een\u00ed do archivu a dohodne s&nbsp;p\u016fvodcem podrobnosti exportu, zp\u016fsob p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed dat k&nbsp;v\u00fdb\u011bru \u010di p\u0159\u00edmo k&nbsp;ulo\u017een\u00ed do digit\u00e1ln\u00edho archivu, tj. kter\u00e1 data budou vybr\u00e1na, v&nbsp;jak\u00e9 struktu\u0159e je lze p\u0159ipravit, v&nbsp;jak\u00fdch form\u00e1tech maj\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159ed\u00e1na.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem je p\u0159\u00edprava dat v&nbsp;podob\u011b GeoSIP bal\u00ed\u010dku<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud se jedn\u00e1 o data, kter\u00e1 jsou pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b aktualizovan\u00e1, je vhodn\u00e9 ur\u010dit vhodnou periodicitu p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dataset\u016f. Nap\u0159. nov\u00fd legislativn\u00ed p\u0159edpis, nov\u00e9 technologick\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zm\u011bny ve sledovan\u00e9 oblasti atd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Po ukon\u010den\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011bru archiv\u00e1li\u00ed archiv vyhotov\u00ed protokol o v\u00fdb\u011bru archiv\u00e1li\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>P\u016fvodce <strong>provede export<\/strong> dat podle dohodnut\u00e9 strategie. Bu\u010f vytvo\u0159\u00ed datov\u00e9 bal\u00ed\u010dky GeoSIP, strukturu EARK_Geospatial nebo p\u0159iprav\u00ed data pro p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed ve form\u011b voln\u00fdch soubor\u016f (srv. bod 4.3 metodiky). Z\u00e1rove\u0148 podle domluvy provede p\u0159evod form\u00e1t\u016f dle platn\u00fdch <a href=\"https:\/\/portal.nacr.cz\/cro\/uvodni-stranka\/formatova-pravidla-narodniho-archivu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">form\u00e1tov\u00fdch pravidel NA<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1-li p\u016fvodce data ve form\u011b GeoSIP bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f, je doporu\u010deno prov\u00e9st datovou validaci nap\u0159. zp\u011btn\u00fdm importem nebo jin\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed dokumenty a data se p\u0159ed\u00e1vaj\u00ed k&nbsp;ulo\u017een\u00ed v&nbsp;n\u00e1rodn\u00edm digit\u00e1ln\u00edm archivu prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm <strong>N\u00e1rodn\u00edho archivn\u00edho port\u00e1lu<\/strong>. Archiv\u00e1\u0159 p\u0159iprav\u00ed prostor pro nahr\u00e1n\u00ed dat, p\u0159\u00edp. pro jejich opat\u0159en\u00ed metadaty a p\u016fvodce data nahraje.<\/li><li>N\u00e1sledn\u011b archiv\u00e1\u0159 provede za\u0159azen\u00ed do archivn\u00edho souboru a data jsou ulo\u017eena v&nbsp;LTP syst\u00e9mu digit\u00e1ln\u00edho archivu.<\/li><li>Po p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed k&nbsp;<strong>trval\u00e9mu ulo\u017een\u00ed<\/strong> vyhotov\u00ed archiv \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed z\u00e1znam o p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed archiv\u00e1li\u00ed, kter\u00fdm se stvrzuje, \u017ee dataset byl vybr\u00e1n za archiv\u00e1lii a ulo\u017een do digit\u00e1ln\u00edho archivu. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed z\u00e1znamu je jednozna\u010dn\u00fd identifik\u00e1tor AIP. Datov\u00e1 autenticita, integrita a d\u016fv\u011bryhodnost je zaji\u0161t\u011bna syst\u00e9mem digit\u00e1ln\u00edho archivu.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpadem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt situace, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd<strong> archiv oslov\u00ed ve\u0159ejnopr\u00e1vn\u00edho p\u016fvodce<\/strong>, a pot\u00e9 je ve vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ci proveden v\u00fdb\u011br a p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed archiv\u00e1li\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><strong>Tvorba datov\u00e9ho bal\u00ed\u010dku GeoSIP<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u016fvodce dat vyu\u017eije speci\u00e1ln\u00edho <a>n\u00e1stroje<\/a> ArchiGIS (nyn\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b), pokud dataset nen\u00ed zve\u0159ejn\u011bn ke sta\u017een\u00ed nebo je nab\u00edzen\/zve\u0159ejn\u011bn slu\u017ebou, pak provede export z&nbsp;j\u00edm pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu GIS do <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/portal.nacr.cz\/cro\/transformace-digitalnich-prostorovych-dat-pro-ucely-trvaleho-ulozeni-v-digitalnim-archivu\/katalog-formatu#doporucenef\" target=\"_blank\">doporu\u010den\u00fdch form\u00e1t\u016f<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud p\u016fvodce z&nbsp;v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f nem\u016f\u017ee vyu\u017e\u00edt n\u00e1stroje ArchiGIS, potom vyu\u017eije univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed V\u00fdb\u011br z&nbsp;voln\u00fdch soubor\u016f (d\u00e1le jen VzVS). Do VzVS se dataset obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed prostorov\u00e1 data v\u017edy nahr\u00e1v\u00e1 v&nbsp;povinn\u00e9 adres\u00e1\u0159ov\u00e9 struktu\u0159e, kter\u00e1 je napln\u011bna exportovan\u00fdmi daty v&nbsp;doporu\u010den\u00fdch <a>form\u00e1tech (podrobn\u011bj viz metodika, kapitola 4).<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons alignright\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\"><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><a href=\"https:\/\/portal.nacr.cz\/cro\/wp-admin\/post.php?post=822&amp;action=edit#up\">nahoru<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Tento projekt je financov\u00e1n se st\u00e1tn\u00ed podporou Technologick\u00e9 agentury \u010cR v&nbsp;r\u00e1mci Programu \u00c9ta . V\u00fdzkum u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd pro spole\u010dnostCertifikovan\u00e1 metodika MV \u010cR, Metodick\u00fd n\u00e1vod 3\/2022 (mvcr.cz, 2020-2022)Metodikou doporu\u010den\u00e9 datov\u00e9 form\u00e1ty jsou v souladu s N\u00e1rodn\u00edm standardem form\u00e1t\u016f pro archivaci (platn\u00fd od 6. 6. 2023 v r\u00e1mci N\u00e1rodn\u00edho architektonick\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nu) Prostorov\u00e1 data Pojmem prostorov\u00e1 data (nebo t\u00e9\u017e [&hellip;]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/page-container.php","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/portal.nacr.cz\/cro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/822"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/portal.nacr.cz\/cro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/portal.nacr.cz\/cro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/portal.nacr.cz\/cro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/portal.nacr.cz\/cro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=822"}],"version-history":[{"count":90,"href":"https:\/\/portal.nacr.cz\/cro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/822\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1314,"href":"https:\/\/portal.nacr.cz\/cro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/822\/revisions\/1314"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/portal.nacr.cz\/cro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=822"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}